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Kim
Philby
Harold Adrian Russell 'Kim' Philby (1912 - May 11, 1988)
was an employee of British intelligence and a Soviet spy.
He was member of the spy ring known as the Cambridge
Five, along with Donald Maclean, Guy Burgess, Anthony
Blunt and John Cairncross. Philby was nicknamed Kim after
a fictional spy.
Born in Ambala, India the son of the British diplomat,
explorer, author, Arabist and converted Muslim Harry St.
John Philby, at one time an adviser to King Ibn Sa'ud of
Saudi Arabia.
After leaving Westminster School in 1928, Philby went on
to Trinity College, Cambridge. While a student there
Philby was introduced to, and came to admire, the ideals
of Communism. He was not exactly 'recruited' as a spy -
he volunteered. He asked one of his tutors, Maurice Dobb,
how he could serve the Communist movement. Dobb passed
him on (possibly not knowing what it would lead to) to a
Communist front organisation, which passed him on to the
Comintern underground in Vienna. He was recruited by the
Soviet intelligence service itself (at that time known as
the OGPU) on the strength of his work for the Comintern.
After working as a journalist
Philby was recruited into the British Secret Intelligence
Service (the so-called M.I.6) in 1940, later joining SOE
and coming into contact with OSS agents.
After the war Philby went first to Istanbul. He later
became first secretary at the British embassy in
Washington. He returned to Britain in 1950 and in 1951
managed to tip off Burgess and Maclean to an internal
British intelligence probe, this warning allowed them
time to escape to the Soviet Union. He was not uncovered
until 1963 (with the defection of Anatoli Golytsin) but
Philby also escaped to the Soviet Union before any arrest
could be made.
He died in 1988 and was given a hero's funeral by the
Soviet government.
Tim Powers based the book Declare on his unusual life
story, providing a supernatural explanation for his
behavior ("Tradecraft meets Lovecraft").
Chronology of Philby's career
1925 Goes to Westminster School
1929 Enters Trinity College, Cambridge, at the of 17 and
joins the Cambridge University Socialist Society, later
becoming Treasurer.
1930 Guy Burgess arrives at Trinity from Eton.
1931 Defeat of the Labour Government. Philby becomes a
more ardent socialist.
1933 Leaves Cambridge a convinced Communist with a Degree
in Economics, then goes to Vienna where Chancellor Dr
Engelbert Dollfuss is preparing the first 'putsch' in
February 1934. Philby becomes a Soviet Agent.
1934 Clash between the Gov't and Socialists in Vienna. On
Feb 24 Philby marries Litzi Friedman ; then in May, after
the collapse of the Socialist movement in Vienna, he
returns with his wife to England. He begins work as a
sub-editor of a Liberal monthly review, and joins the
Anglo-German Fellowship of which Burgess is also a member
- its pro-Hitler magazine, supported by Nazi funds was
edited by Philby. To cover up his communist background he
also makes repeated visits to berlin for talks with the
German propaganda Ministry and with von Ribbentrop's
Foreign Office.
1937 In February he arrives in Spain to report the Civil
War from Franco's side. In July he becomes correspondent
of The Times with Franco's Forces.
1938 Awarded the 'Red Cross of Military Merit' by Franco
personally.
1939 In July, leaves Spain and becomes war-correspondent
of The Times at the British Headquarters in Arras.
1940 In June, after the evacuation of British Forces from
the European Mainland, he returns to Britain. Recruited
by the British Secret Service and attached to the SIS
under Guy Burgess in Section D. Assigned to school for
under-cover work, but later transferred to the teaching
staff of a new school for general training in techniques
of sabotage and subversion at Beaulieu, Hampshire.
1941 Transferred to SIS, Section V(Five). Philby was put
in charge of the Iberian sub-section, responsible for
British Intelligence in Spain and Portugal.
1942 Marries his second wife Aileen Furse. OSS party
under Norman Pearson arrives in London for liaison with
British Secret Service. Philby's area of responsibility
grows to include North African and Italian espionage
under newly formed counter-intelligence units.
1943 Section V move from St Albans to London, bringing
Philby closer to the centers of power.
1944 Appointed head of Section IX, newly created to
operate against communism and the Soviet Union.
1945 Philby's position is seriously threatened by a
Russian Agent, Konstantin Volkov, who offers to talk.
1946 Takes a field appointment - officially as First
Secretary with the British embassy in Turkey, actually as
head of the Turkish SIS station.
1949 Becomes SIS representative in Washington, as senior
British Secret Service officer working in liaison with
the CIA and the FBI. He sits in on Special Policy
Committee directing the ill-fated Anglo-US attempt to
infiltrate anti-communist agents into Albania to topple
the Enver Hoxha r?gime.
1950 Guy Burgess arrives in Washington on assignment as
Second Secretary of the British Embassy, and Philby
invites him to stay at his house.
1951 Philby learns of the tightening net of suspicion
surrounding Foreign Office diplomat and Soviet agent
Donald Maclean, whose British embassy position at the end
of the war has placed him on the Combined Policy
Committee on Atomic energy as its British joint
secretary. Burgess's alcoholism causes him to be removed
by Ambassador Franks and he returns to England, then on
May 25, Burgess and Maclean disappear from Britain, with
help from Philby, having escaped via the Baltic to the
Soviet Union. Philby summoned to London for interrogation
and asked to resign from the Foreign Service.
1952 In the summer a secret trial takes place where
Philby undergoes questioning about his activities.
1955 British Government publishes a 'White Paper'
(report) on the Burgess-Maclean affair. On October 25,
questions tabled in parliament asking about the 'Third
man', Philby. Prime Minster Harold Macmillan, states that
there is no evidence of Philby having the betrayed the
interests of Britain. Nevertheless he is dismissed from
the Foreign Service because of his association with
Burgess.
1956 In September Philby goes to Beirut as correspondent
of The Observer and The Economist; most intriguingly he
is still employed by SIS. But that year Dick White, who
suspects Philby of being a Soviet agent, becomes head of
SIS.
1957 Aileen, Philby's second wife, dies.
1958 Marries Eleanor Brewer.
1962 George Blake is caught. Philby is now confirmed as a
Soviet agent.
1963 January 23, Philby disapears in Beirut. The Soviet
Union announces that Philby has been granted political
asylum in Moscow. On March 3, Mrs Philby receives a
telegram from Philby postmarked Cairo, Egypt. On June 3
Izvestia reports that Philby is with the Imam of Yemen.
On July 1, the British Government admits that Philby is
now known to have been a Soviet agent before 1946 and is
in fact the 'third man'.
1965 Awarded the Soviet Union's 'Red Banner Order', one
of the highest honours of the Soviet Union.
References
My Silent War by Kim Philby, published by Macgibbon &
Kee Ltd, London
Text is available under
the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
WW2
HISTORY DATA |
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Harbor Overview |
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Harbor Japanese Forces |
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Harbor Japanese Aircraft |
Battle
of the Coral Sea, 7-8
May 1942 |
Doolitle
Raid on Japan, 18 April 1942 |
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F-14
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Battle
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of Jutland Skagerrak |
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